7 Expert Tips on How to Restore Wooden Furniture

Key takeaways

• Restoring old furniture can save money, help the environment, and add character to your home.
• When restoration isn’t worth it, look for new furniture made from solid wood with quality joinery and hardware.
• Whether restoring or buying new, choose pieces that fit your style and make your space feel like home.

 

Restoring furniture is a wonderful way to bring back the charm of a piece that’s seen better days. 

Think of it as giving an old, worn-out item a second chance. 

Plus, it’s good for the planet. By choosing to restore instead of buying new, you’re keeping things out of the landfill and preserving a bit of history and craftsmanship.

But let’s be honest — some pieces just aren’t worth the effort. Maybe the damage is too extensive, or you don’t have the time to commit to a full restoration. 

In those cases, knowing how to spot quality new wooden furniture would be helpful

This guide will walk you through both options — restoring wooden furniture and finding new furniture to buy when restoration isn’t possible.

How to restore wooden furniture in 5 easy steps

Step #1 — Identify the wood type and condition

Knowing the wood type is important when restoring furniture. Different woods require different care and techniques. 

Oak, for example, is a hard, durable wood that can withstand aggressive sanding and heavy finishes.

Pine, on the other hand, is softer and more prone to scratches and dents, requiring a gentler touch.

To identify the wood, look at the grain, colour, and density. 

Hardwood varieties like mahogany and walnut have tight, intricate grains and a heavier feel. 

Softwoods like cedar or pine tend to be lighter and have a more open grain. If unsure, research or consult a guide to wood identification.

Assess the condition of the furniture carefully. Check for cracks, warping, and insect damage. 

Run your hands over the surface to feel for rough patches or areas where the wood may have split. Look underneath and inside drawers or cabinets for any signs of rot or mildew. 

This helps determine if the piece is worth refurbishing or if it’s time to move on.

Step #2 — Clean thoroughly but gently

Before starting any restoration work, cleaning the piece is essential. Dirt, grime, and old polish can hide the true condition of the wood.

 A good cleaning shows what you’re working with and prepares the surface for further restoration steps.

Use a soft cloth, mild soap, and water to clean the piece. Start with a light wipe-down to remove loose dirt and dust. 

Then, mix a small amount of mild soap with water and gently scrub the surface. Be sure to wring out the cloth well, as too much water can damage the wood.

Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as they can strip the finish and damage the wood fibres. 

And if there are stubborn stains, try a mixture of vinegar and water or a specialised wood cleaner. 

Always test any cleaner on a hidden area first to make sure it doesn’t discolour or damage the wood.

Step #3 — Repair structural issues first

The piece must be sturdy before moving on to cosmetic fixes like sanding or staining. Addressing these issues early helps you make sure the piece is safe for everyday use.

Start by checking all the joints for looseness. Wobbly legs or arms can often be tightened with glue or by inserting wooden dowels for extra support. 

Use clamps to hold the pieces together while the glue dries. 

For more severe damage, such as broken legs or large cracks, consider replacing parts with matching wood or hiring a professional for a seamless repair.

Missing pieces, such as handles, knobs, or decorative trim, should also be addressed at this stage. If the original hardware can’t be found, look for similar pieces at antique stores or online. 

For more modern pieces, new hardware can give the piece a fresh look while maintaining its functionality.

Step #4 — Remove old finishes carefully

Removing old finishes is often necessary when refurbishing furniture. Over time, finishes like varnish, lacquer, or paint can crack, peel, or discolour, detracting from the piece's appearance. 

Removing these old finishes allows you to apply a new finish that improves the wood’s natural beauty.

Choose the right stripper based on the type of finish you’re removing. Chemical strippers are effective for removing most finishes but can be harsh on the wood and the user. 

Always wear gloves and work in a well-ventilated area to protect yourself from fumes. 

Apply the stripper with a brush and let it sit according to the manufacturer's instructions, then scrape it off with a plastic scraper.

For stubborn finishes or intricate details, a second application may be needed. Steel wool or fine sandpaper can help remove any remaining finish. 

Be careful not to sand too aggressively, as this can damage the wood. 

Once the old finish is removed, wipe the piece down with mineral spirits to remove any residue and prepare the wood for the next step.

Step #5 — Refinish for a fresh look

Refinishing gives the piece a fresh look and protects the wood. Different finishes offer different benefits and can dramatically change the appearance of the furniture.

Stains penetrate the wood to enhance its natural colour, while oils add a rich sheen and protect the wood from drying out. 

Varnishes and lacquers provide a durable, glossy finish that resists scratches and moisture. Choose a finish that complements the wood type and matches your desired look.

Before applying the new finish, sand the piece lightly to smooth any rough patches and open the wood grain. This allows the finish to penetrate more evenly. Use a tack cloth to remove all dust, then apply the finish using a brush, rag, or sponge. 

Work in long, even strokes and apply thin coats to avoid drips and bubbles. Allow ample drying time between coats and lightly sand between applications for a smoother finish.

Spot quality new wooden furniture when restoration isn’t enough

Sometimes, a piece is too far gone, or there simply isn’t enough time to invest in a full restoration. In these cases, buying new is a smart choice. 

But how do you know if a new piece is worth the investment?

Look for solid wood construction. Unlike particleboard or veneers, solid wood pieces are more durable and can be refinished multiple times. 

Check the joinery. Sturdy joints like dovetail or mortise-and-tenon are signs of quality craftsmanship. 

These joints hold the piece together without relying on nails or screws, making them more durable and resistant to loosening over time.

Avoid furniture made with particle board or veneers over cheap materials. These pieces are often less durable and prone to damage. 

Flimsy hardware, like thin metal or plastic handles, is another red flag. High-quality furniture will have solid, well-made hardware that complements the piece.

When you shop for new furniture for your living room, for example, visit reputable stores that specialise in quality furniture. Ask about the wood types and construction methods used. 

Also, it’s best to find a shop that offers return policies and warranties. They can indicate the manufacturer’s confidence in the product’s durability and quality. 

Take your time to inspect the piece, opening drawers and doors to check for smooth operation and sturdiness.

Make furniture a part of your story

Choosing furniture is personal. 

Whether restoring an antique or buying something new, pick pieces that fit your lifestyle and taste. Each piece of furniture in your home should serve a purpose and bring you joy.

A home filled with meaningful furniture creates a unique atmosphere. It’s about finding joy in every piece, whether old or new. 

Refurbishing a family heirloom or finding a new piece that speaks to you can add character and warmth to any room.

Restoring or buying new, the choice reflects personal style and values. Furniture isn't just about function. It’s about making a space that feels like home. 

Choose pieces that resonate with you, and don’t be afraid to mix old and new to create a space that’s truly your own.